Government Spending On Welfare And The Gross Domestic Product

Introduction Various governments send out information regarding how various tax revenues are utilizes on people who pay these taxes. Spending is always broken into numerous categories and welfare is one of the biggest categories. Expenditure on welfare is directly extracted from government statistics[1]. There has been a great debate as to whether government spending on welfare has any relationship with the size of a country’s GDP[2]. As such, this research is meant to demystify the situation. The purpose of carrying out this research is to examine any underlying correlation between the government spending in welfare of the people and the gross domestic product. There are two hypotheses as far as this subject is concerned. One sates that†¦show more content†¦Additionally, people who are working in countries that have better welfare will be in a better position to work and hence help build the GDP. Hence, carrying out the research will help the researcher be able to choose between the two hypotheses and hence determine whether government expenditure on welfare effects the growth of the GDP or stagnation of the same. Literature Review The question of whether or not there is a correlation between government spending on welfare and the GDP has thrown policy makers into debates and clearly differing theoretical camps[3]. Empirical studies have given confusing evidence as some of the studies have favored one approach or the other depending on many factors in consideration. The huge growth of government spending on the welfare of the people in both development and developing countries since the times of the Second World War and its effect on the gross domestic product has produced a wide literature that offers distinct attempts to expound on the observed relationship[4]. On the other side, studies on public finance have been channels on the identification of the primary causes of the growth in public sector expenditure. Among the earliest trials to explain, the growth in the economic growth and expenditure in the public sector is Wagner’s Law. This law is based on the observations of Adolf Wagner. His observations were first for his country and then for rest of the world. He states that

Death Penalty A Controversial Issue - 727 Words

The death penalty has been an issue of controversy, causing many states in America to repeal it and call it inhumane. However, the truth is that many citizens are strongly divided on the issue and have strong opinions on whether the death penalty should indeed be kept and reinforced or whether it should just be abolished altogether. When analyzing this issue from a sociological perspective, conflict theory is best used as an argument against the death penalty. This sociological conflict theory is heavily tied in with class conflict a conflict that outlines how socioeconomic factors affect a group of disadvantaged people more so than those that are better off financially. It is because of the disproportionate number of lower class minorities that end up on death row that makes the death penalty an inhumane and cruel way of punishing individuals for crimes that they have committed. Individuals born into poverty are more likely to commit crimes because of their environment and their economic situation. However, minorities are more likely to get the death penalty than non-minorities are, for the exact same crime (Associated Press, 2006). Karl Marx, the creator of conflict theory, realized that ones environment influences the decisions that one makes and the opportunities that one is given. The death penalty should be abolished because not everyone is getting equal treatment when it comes to the deliverance of this punishment. A punishment should be equally distributed amongShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty : A Controversial Issue2199 Words   |  9 Pages2014 Death Penalty When it comes to the topic of the death penalty, most of us will readily agree that it’s a controversial issue. On the one hand, many argue that the death penalty is cost effective. On the other hand, others say that capital punishment deters crime. In my own view, I don’t believe that the death penalty is cost effective or deters crime; capital punishment should not be given as a punishment for criminals who have committed first degree murder In my judgment the death penaltyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Controversial Issue2057 Words   |  9 Pages It’s no secret that the death penalty is a very controversial issue in the United States. The death penalty has been around for centuries, but so has the movement to abolish it. Does the death penalty really need to be abolished? or are people just too sensitive to the issue? Origin The death penalty dates as far back as the eighteenth century B.C. The Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon established the death penalty for 25 different crimes. The death penalty was also a part of HittiteRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Controversial Issue1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic worldwide. People are either for the death penalty, or against it, and there is usually no changing their mind by introducing arguments that are contrary to their opinion. The death penalty debate is not a new one, â€Å"capital punishment [has been] practiced since colonial times despite persistent debates† (Jost). However, it was around the 1960s when countries began to abolish, or strictly restrain the death penalty (Jost). The death penalty has existedRead MoreControversial Issues Regarding Juvenile Death Penalty2052 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most controversial issues in the rights of juveniles today is addressed in the question, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles? For nearly a century the juvenile courts have existed to shield the majority of juvenile offenders from the full weight of criminal law and to protect their entitled special rights and immunities. In the case of kent vs. United states in 1996, Justice Fortas stated some of these special rights which include; Protection from publicity, confinement onlyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is One Of The Most Controversial Issue1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty is one of the most controversial issues. It is an important issue because each side is very significant and they each have strong views. The five main points that will be discussed in this paper are; deterrence, loss of innocent lives, bias, retribution, and quality of the attorney. Both sides will be discussed; reasons to support the death penalty, and reasons not to support the death penalty. For the first point; deterrence, supporters of the penalty say that the death penaltyRead Mor eThe Death Penalty Is One Of The Most Ethical And Controversial Issues1581 Words   |  7 PagesSome may say the death penalty is one of the most ethical and controversial issues of all time. The issue brings forth anger among many individuals among todays society. This anger has developed over time throughout the history of the death penalty. Over time, the policy has been developed, started and evolved over time. Different states and countries choose to address the penalty differently resulting in more of a controversy. I personally believe that this policy is severely wrong and needsRead MoreDiffering Opinions on the Controversial Death Penalty Issue Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of capital punishment is one that has been in discussion for many years. How can anyone control the life of another human being? The accused may have taken the life of another citizen but what gives anyone the right to take his. This is the main point of the question but it gets vastly more complicated as the issue is further investigated. For instance, the psychopath who goes on a murderous rampage might have an abnormality with the frontal lobe of the cortex in his brain. Now, ifRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Wrongful Convictions980 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty has been a controversial topic among society for ages. An issue often brought up when discussing the legality of capital punishment is wrongful convictions. Advocates of the death penalty say that, while wrongful convictions are an issue, those few cases do not outweigh the need for lawful execution of felons who are, without a doubt, guilty. On the other hand, the opponents argue that the death penalty is wrong from both a legal and moral standpoint, an ineffective form of punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment On Trial : Furman V. Georgia And The Death Penalty985 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Death Penalty in Modern America, he discussed the case of Furman v. Georgia. He explores the controvers y that capital punishment holds in the United States of America. The death penalty has been in practice for many centuries. For example, â€Å"In Massachusetts, where religion had played a key role in settlement, crimes like blasphemy, witchcraft, sodomy, adultery, and incest became capital offenses, through juries sometimes hesitated to convict† (Oshinsky, 2010). For the punishment of death theseRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty1342 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Capital Punishment: a.k.a. the death penalty. To kill or not to kill. This is an extremely controversial question in today’s society. The number of people who are for it still believe in the saying, â€Å" an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.† These are the people who feel if you intentionally take the life of someone else, then yours should be taken as well. But then there are the other number of people who feel the death penalty should be banned because of its cruel and unjust

Funny or dramatic Essay Example For Students

Funny or dramatic Essay The prince charming was a very weak character for me as he was not as believable, funny or dramatic as the other characters, but he had a strong rich accent, which made him sound and look like royalty, for example: Pardon me may you excuse your hands from my buttocks, the word pardon and excuse made him sound old fashion which is how I think royal people would speak. He stood up straight, hands behind his back, head high and chest up, which showed how powerful he was (not physically powerful). His actions were funny as they were a contrast to what he really was. He tried to make himself big and manly but really he was small and looked more feminine then masculine. He always had golden suit even for the ball and wedding but they were different designs, which showed of his wealth it also showed how much of a show off he was, as he knew he was rich and he liked to show it off to people. For the ball he had a white suit, which showed the audience that he was a clean person, the white colour showed the audience the prince was faithful.  The stepmother was a very horrible and dramatic woman. She walked on stage, looked at the audience, called Cinderellas name twice and on the third time shouted Cinderellas name very loud, this showed me that she was a impatient woman who had a short temper which makes the audience sympathise with Cinderella as she is not a easy person to live with. You despicable child, the word despicable shows the audience that she is rich as she uses a strong and posh word. The stepmothers clothes were very gothic. She had a long, black dress, long dark green nails and long black hair. The long clothing covered a lot of her body part, which symbolised that she did not want people to find out about her evil ways.  The lighting was a dark green colour. The dirty green showed the audience how she got the money in a dirty way. Every time she appeared on stage smoke appeared on stage, which shows the audience that everything she does turns into ash. The letter man was very proud of is job and thought he was better then everyone else as when he walked into the house he announced the good news I have a very special announcement to make, the king chose me of course to tell you losers that you are all invited to the ball. He gave the twins the letter with the tips of his two fingers and used a tissue to clean his hands, which showed me that he thought he was on top because the prince picked him to tell people the good news. He had a white suit on which showed how classy, clean and wealthy the prince was. The letterman had pink cards with a picture of a golden crown as props, which symbolised that the ball was for girls only and that the girls were for the prince or future queen, its as if a girl gets the card she immediately knows what it is about at it was made for the specific people. The lighting was grey which was a contrast to his character as he was happy, excited and felt better then everyone else but really the other characters looked at him as a boring, old and sad person, which is why none of the character bothered to fight back after what he said. There are many different sets. The princes castle which is white and gold and with diamonds. The diamonds and gold symbolises the princes wealth and high position. The white shows the audience how clean he is. The forest, which had cardboard trees with a bright green colour, which showed that the forest was a nice, forests not a scary one. The inside house of the stepmother very colourful just like the twins, it seems that the twins decorated the house most parents would not let that happen, this shows that the stepmother thinks the twins are grown up and she wants them to have fun. .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .postImageUrl , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:hover , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:visited , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:active { border:0!important; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:active , .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138 .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc605d5afdf7a03b697d9326198ab6138:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Bolt's A Man For All Seasons EssayThe most memorable moment was when the stepsisters and mother found out Cinderella went to the ball and was the girl the prince danced with. The lighting immediately changed to a dark, brown and black colour and a scary sound/music was put on, everything turned from comedy to scary and serious. The characters all had serious faces. It was realistic as Cinderella was shaken, had a scared face and was walking back while the twins and the mum had angry faces and an evil smile on their faces and was walking towards her. The lights were turned off and a high pitch and loud scream was made. The contrast between the scenes took me off guar d, as it was all comedy and unrealistic and then it turned serious, it shocked me, as I was not expecting it. The form was abstract, musical and comedy as in one scene Cinderella had to pick up branches in the forest, she met the prince, they had a little conversation and she started singing a whole new world, then the prince said Oi wrong song huh oh dam I seriously do not still the difference between this fairy tales. It was a romantic moment, which they turned into comedy it was also abstract as in real life this would not happen. They started singing a song about their feelings while walking towards each other, which was very funny as they were swearing because they did not know why they both felt so hot.

Sun poisoning Essay Example

Sun poisoning Paper The current belief of postmodernism Is that a correct and precise description of reality Is Impossible. The truth, said by Unlatched, Is Limited and constantly evolving. There Is a focus on the deconstruction and fragmentation of novels, paintings and general art and because of that, it is nearly impossible to give a clear definition of the term post-modernism. Authors such as Hark Murrain and Michael Strung Summary of the text The short story Sun poisoning is about a couple, whom we never get a name for, hat is going on a vacation to Haiti after the boyfriend has finished an art show in New York and decides that both of them need to get away. The story focuses on the girlfriend who isnt too happy about going on vacation because she thinks that It Is a lot more hard work than just staying at home. The girlfriend complains a lot about the food and general location of their hotel and Is not really pleased with their vacation. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One day her boyfriend falls Ill and sleeps all day and the girlfriend Is mad at him for leaving her alone, but the next day, when they are about to eat dinner, the relined falls ill herself and has been sun poisoned from laying on the beach too much and for the rest of the vacation she has to wear long pants, shirts, a cap and shoes and she can barely walk three steps without her body burning. The story end with an ironic note about the, in the girlfriends eyes, crappy three man band that only knows two song. Characterization The girlfriend We do not get a name for her, nor do we get an exact age, but I would think that she is around the late twenties or early thirties because she has a boyfriend, not a husband and because she cares a lot about how she looks. She is a woman who eels out of place In her body. She Is the protagonist of the short story and Is very negative. She doesnt really get the whole female thing with waxing ones legs and removing body oils and then spreading different oils all over ones body. Since you are kind of reading the womans thoughts in the short story you can tell that she is very ironic. 4 She does not like talking to new people as she drags her boyfriend away from Michael and Linda; a couple they met when they saw a bush fire on the other side of the bay. The boyfriend We do not get a lot of information about the boyfriend in the short story but he mess a lot more optimistic than his girlfriend. He is the antagonist of the short story. He is a painter, an artist, who Just had a show in New York and needed to get away. He is creative and has a sense of humor and takes good care of his girlfriends Analysis The setting of the short story Is partly In New York, when they are getting ready and In Halt when they are on vacation The story Is written In a Second person narrative seeing as the pronoun you is used frequently to describe the plot of the story and Girlfriend and her inner self and the problems and conflicts she has inside, as she goes not feel comfortable in her female body. She feels like she doesnt belong in her body and would much rather be a man, because she thinks that it would be a lot easier. The language and form of the short story is very fragmented and very much like a stream of consciousness from the main characters point of view. Fragmentation is also an important trait in post-modernism. Interpretation You can interpret the woman as to having an identity crisis, which many people had in the eighties because of the new form of industrialization caused by MET, the origin of music videos and there became a lot more focus on ones appearance and body. The androgynous look came in to fashion and it developed a more blurry line between the two sexes. The woman in the short story does not feel at home in her own body as a female and would much rather be a man because it seems like less of a hassle. She feels as if her female appearance is a faded . Putting the text into perspective As seen in the poem Interferer by Susan Hamlin, seen on our curriculum. The truth is unstable. The main person in the poem sends a virtual bouquet of flowers and it depicts the fragmentation of the world and the new industrialization. Conclusion Post-modernism comes to a strange conclusion that; We can image things that do not physically exist We cannot image things that do physically exist. Therefore to summarize; The text Sun poisoning gives a view of reality by ONE woman who has her doubts about who she is. She imagines things about herself that do not physically exist, her doubt, her sex, her identity. Post-modernism tries to break up with the traits of modernism; the feeling of the big city and the industrialization. In post-modernism there is a universal truth that is open for interpretation and re-interpretation. The truth simply becomes unstable.

How Soap Works

How Soap Works Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its tail, with a carboxylate head. In water, the sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a negatively-charged head. Key Takeaways: Soap Soap is a fatty acid of a salt.Soaps are used as cleansers and lubricants.Soap cleans by acting as a surfactant and emulsifier. It can surround oil, making it easier to rinse it away with water. How Soap Cleans Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act as an emulsifying agent. An emulsifier is capable of dispersing one liquid into another immiscible liquid. This means that while oil (which attracts dirt) doesnt naturally mix with water, soap can suspend oil/dirt in such a way that it can be removed. The organic part of natural soap is a negatively-charged, polar molecule. Its hydrophilic (water-loving) carboxylate group (-CO2) interacts with water molecules via ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrophobic (water-fearing) part of a soap molecule, its long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, does not interact with water molecules. The hydrocarbon chains are attracted to each other by dispersion forces and cluster together, forming structures called micelles. In these micelles, the carboxylate groups form a negatively-charged spherical surface, with the hydrocarbon chains inside the sphere. Because they are negatively charged, soap micelles repel each other and remain dispersed in water. Grease and oil are nonpolar and insoluble in water. When soap and soiling oils are mixed, the nonpolar hydrocarbon portion of the micelles break up the nonpolar oil molecules. A different type of micelle then forms, with nonpolar soiling molecules in the center. Thus, grease and oil and the dirt attached to them are caught inside the micelle and can be rinsed away. The Disadvantage of Soap Although soaps are excellent cleansers, they do have disadvantages. As salts of weak acids, they are converted by mineral acids into free fatty acids: CH3(CH2)16CO2-Na HCl → CH3(CH2)16CO2H Na Cl- These fatty acids are less soluble than the sodium or potassium salts and form a precipitate or soap scum. Because of this, soaps are ineffective in acidic water. Also, soaps form insoluble salts in hard water, such as water containing magnesium, calcium, or iron. 2 CH3(CH2)16CO2-Na Mg2 → [CH3(CH2)16CO2-]2Mg2 2 Na The insoluble salts form bathtub rings, leave films that reduce hair luster, and gray/roughen textiles after repeated washings. Synthetic detergents, however, may be soluble in both acidic and alkaline solutions and dont form insoluble precipitates in hard water. But that is a different story... Sources IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).  Archived. Klaus Schumann, Kurt Siekmann (2005). Soaps.  Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.   Thorsten Bartels et al. (2005). Lubricants and Lubrication.  Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.​

How Fantasy Has Changed Since the 1920s

How Fantasy Has Changed Since the 1920s A Century of Fantasy: How the Genre's Changed Since the 1920s The English word, "fantasy," sprang from Old French's  phantasie, or "vision, imagination." But you wouldn't be entirely remiss if you'd thought that it came from  the word, "fantastic." When you consider all the fantastic things in our world and our imaginations, it's no wonder there are so many different subgenres in fantasy - and dedicated readers of each subgenre.In our past piece in this series on writing fantasy, our editors gave tips on writing compelling fantasy fiction. In this post, we conduct a brief examination of the evolution of the genre and its subgenres. Because we've only got so much space, we're going to concentrate on the Anglophone side of things - though fantasy is a worldwide phenomenon that's got roots in Indian myth, dating back to 1500 BC.   And yet, up until the 1940s, "fantasy" wasn't even a universal term for the genre yet! ("Fairy tale" was preferred.)How did we get from there to fantasy's current, steadfast position in mainstream English literat ure?The Two Giants of FantasyEnter two names that you might’ve come across before: C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien.The two fathers of fantasy met in 1926 on the campus of Oxford University, where they were both on the faculty together. (Lewis was a part of the Literature faction of the English faculty. Tolkien, unsurprisingly, was more of a Linguistics person.) So it's curious that it seems to actually be young adult and children’s fantasy (something called Harry Potter, in particular) that changed all of that. First,  Harry Potter got everyone reading fantasy. Then the genre really sprang into popular culture when the advent of CGI took fantasy from our books to our silver screens. Suddenly, the worlds that we could only envision in our minds were right in front of our eyes. In 2002, Peter Jackson captured the attention of both readers and non-readers with the Hollywood adaptation of Lord of the Rings. Then  Game of Thrones started showing up on our televisions every week, and that, as they say, is that.Where will fantasy go now?We mentioned it already, but we’ll mention it again. There really is no better time to write fantasy. When you think about it, the biggest pop culture phenomena since the turn of the millennium almost all have ties to fantasy: Harry Potter, Game of Thrones, Twilight. Even The Hunger Games is a dys topian fantasy, set in an entirely imagined (albeit terrifyingly bleak) world.Looking back now, it’s easy to see the many ways that the genre’s evolved since the days of Tolkien. Consider The Hobbit, which possessed a grand total of zero women. Then take a gander at all the girls who are mainstays in the most popular fantasy books now (Hermione, Katniss, Triss).Admittedly, it’s tough to predict the future, but at the rate that the genre’s progressing, there are two big trends that will carry us through the next couple of years:An ever-diversifying spectrum of characters and worlds as fantasy expands beyond its European and medieval roots. In Tor.com’s past open call for submissions, for instance, they specifically asked for novellas that  were not based on European cultures - seeking, instead, worlds that â€Å"take their influences from Africa, Asia, the indigenous Americas, or any diasporic culture from one of those sources.†Further gen re- and subgenre-blurring. Fantasy already overlaps with romance, mysteries, and thrillers - and we’ll see much more of fantasy’s influences in other genres as the spectrum of writers and readers continues to broaden.Fantasy traditions of other countries will impact the stories of the Anglophone world. Russia, for instance, recently pioneered the increasingly popular "LitRPG" genre, where the stories take place in worlds with video-game mechanics.Ultimately, the future of fantasy rests on the imaginations of all the writers out there. How will you show us glimpses of another universe? People are always wanting to escape from reality. And so it's Lloyd Alexander, the author of the famous The Chronicles of Prydain series, who  states the purpose of modern fantasy best: â€Å"Fantasy is barely an escape from reality. It’s a way of understanding it.†Has this post inspired you to write fantasy of your own? Tell us about your ideas in the comments. And if yo u want to get an even more concrete idea of fantasy's evolution, check out this post of the 100 best fantasy series of all time.

Nature vs Nurture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nature vs Nurture - Essay Example Some researchers support the argument that nature is responsible for the makeup of an individual’s behavioral patterns which can be modified through interaction with society. They suggest that human beings are not happy or sad because of their environment but individuals are different from each other because of their genetic makeup granted to them by their parents. Opponents of this approach argue that the behavioral patterns have nothing to do with genes because a human being can be modified into whatever kind of a person the nurturer wants him to grow into. Part 2 My friend’s parents were both doctors and they wanted their daughter to become one too. The girl herself had very much willingness and interest toward becoming a doctor and everybody knew that she had an inborn talent and ability to excel in the field of medicine. However, when she passed her high school, she had not enough marks to get into a medical school. She took admission in a computer science universi ty and made up her mind to study hard and show to the world that she can do it. And unbelievingly, she kept on passing with good grades in a field which was just opposite to her inborn talent and abilities.

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Health care marketing - Essay Example Additionally, the health care institution should work to maintain a good brand name among the locals. The primary aim of this factor is to capture the external environment, which consists of the patients. This offers the health institution with an external insight of its brand in terms of marque image, brand personality, and brand familiarity.  Furthermore, the health facility should take into account innovation as a major factor for its marketing strategy. Innovation should take place in all departments of the hospital. This will increase the overall margins of the health facility and develop a new mindset to its patients. Secret shoppers or mystery shoppers are people hired by other rival organizations or business to spy on the progress of another business entity. The familiarity of secret shoppers is not common in many organizations since organizations set their own targets to achieve as opposed to benchmarking with other rival businesses. Mystery shoppers are popular in healthcare institutions equally to other business. This is because they aim to evaluate how healthcare is delivered in healthcare organizations and aim to correct important information and procedures that can be adapted in rival healthcare

Ethical concerns Essay Example for Free

Ethical concerns Essay In this report I will be examining and explaining ethical concerns that communities face when a business operates. In this case I will be using Primark as the selected business. Primark within the past year or so have faced many concerns that have heavily affected the surrounding communities of where their businesses operate such as the sweat shops discovered within the UK. This was a big ethical concern due to the child labour and the incredibly low pay rate which broke UK trading laws and human rights. Although this was not as shocking as the Bangladesh disaster which involved the collapse of a large factory that Primark produced products in. The result of this caused many lives to be taken and serous court action taken on the managers and owners of this factory. While these workers worked within this factory they worked under incredibly poor conditions and an incredibly low pay rate of 25 pounds a month to live on. This conditions which workers lived under not only affected them for the worse but their entire community was surviving on barley enough money to eat or live in acceptable conditions. What this factory was doing to the community before it collapsed is enough to break most trading laws such as human rights and workplace safety. But when the factory collapsed killing close to a hundred of its workers it has had a bad effect on the environment and communities due to the debris and rubble that surround the site. Primark have admitted liability and paid compensation but a lot more could have been done to prevent this; * Safety – Primark could at least send one health and safety officer to examine the workplace before Primark makes business deals with. If problems arise then Primark could invest in the work place raising its safety standards instead of having to pay fines then being known as an unethical business. * Wellbeing checks – Primark could send Human resources employees to examine the wellbeing of the employees of the business which business deals are to be made. This would make sure that the business is operating ethically and to the standard of what their customer’s expect. * Send assessors on a yearly or monthly basis – To make sure the safety of the workplaces and the wellbeing of its workers is kept up to the average standard from the first visit assessors should be sent to document the businesses maintained standard. To which it is then reported back to superiors. What Primark have done after the Bangladesh; Spending $1 million (? 640,000) on short term aid and food aid the victims. * Compensating thousands of families that where effected by the disaster. * Opened a website -http://www. primark-ethicaltrading. co. uk/ on this website it has information on what further action Primark is taking to help and aid the local communities such as an improved safety programme and the HERproject which focuses on the wellbeing and health of female workers.

How the Elderly Cope with the Death of a Spouse Essay -- Spousal Berea

Ever noticed an elderly couple performing normal daily activities and think to yourself, what would they do without one another? Many of us have elderly relatives who are either married or have someone with whom they have a tight bond with, such as a best friend, and we believe they keep each other alive. We are all born to die, but how we cope with death is different. When someone dies, persons affected may feel depressed, sad and even angry. Looking at death from a different perspective, such as a loved one going to a better place, instead of a loss can cause relatives to celebrate. This is usually the case when the cause of death is natural. When death of a spouse is because of a traumatic event, love ones are left with many questions that they can live with for the rest of their lives. We may continue to live normal lives once the emotional pain is suppressed. I use the term suppress, because it is not clear that anyone ever "gets over" the death of a loved one . Bereavement in the elderly can cause the partner to become lonely, fall ill, and often times die soon after. When an older adults life long partner dies, what is their mental state? According to Lund, the mental health of many older spouses is not as devastating as expected, although loneliness and problems associated with the tasks of living are the most common and difficult adjustments of the adult (Meiner, 2011). Research reported to Journal of Gerontologic Nursing (JOGN) indicates that the assessment tool, Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), can asses the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with separation distress including †¦ excessive loneliness (Barron & Minton, 2008). Additionally, another test can be done to assess the pro... ... to make the person feel better too quick. Instead you should assist the older person through the grieving process which is normal and healthy (Meiner, 2011) Works Cited Barron, C., Minton, M. (2008). Spousal Bereavement Assessment: A Review of Bereavement- Specific Measures. Journal of Gerontologic Nursing, Vol. 34, No.8, 34-48. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Elwert, F., & Christakis, N. (2008). The Effect of Widowhood on Mortality by the Causes of Death of Both Spouses. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 98(11), 2092-2098. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Howie, L., Mcintyre, G. (2002). Adapting to Widowhood Through Meaningful Occupations: A Case Study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 9, 54-62. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Meiner, S. (2011). Loss and End-of-Life Issues. In P. Burbank and J. Miller (Eds.), Gerontologic Nursing (pp. 351-365)

Battery Industry

Case Preparation For Discussion (Gillette) 1. Central problem/issue in case: The main problem is that, since its acquisition, Duracell has become a drain on the financial performance of Gillette. The board needs to decide what should be done to turn Duracell around and restore Gillette to a dependable financial performer. 2. How is the battery industry (you can use five forces analysis to answer this question)? Has it been changing? If yes, how? Overall, the industry is very attractive. New entrants realize the potential of snagging a piece of a highly profitable industry that produced $5. billion in revenue and $807 million operating margin. Threat of new entrants is low, as the capital requirements and technology development needed to stay relevant in the market proves to be a daunting barrier to entry. Also, in order to realize a significant profit, economies of scale must be realized to produce a massive amount of batteries while keeping costs low. This would be harder for smalle r entrants to achieve. Threat of substitute products is low, as no replacement good has been introduced that may provide the consumer with the same benefits as using a battery. This makes the industry attractive.However, if a company produced a good that could replace the need for a battery, this would detrimentally alter the battery industry, making threat of substitute products a major factor of the industry. The bargaining power of suppliers is low because there is little differentiation between the inputs of the batteries, which can be acquired from many different suppliers. This low supplier power makes the industry attractive. The bargaining power of the buyer is fairly high, as there is high buyer concentration with low switching costs, which makes the industry less attractive. The major, key factor is the rivalry among competitors.There are three main competitors that comprise 85. 76% of the battery market, in which they are constantly upgrading their technology, promoting t heir products with strong advertising and marketing campaigns, and cutting prices of their goods. Yes, the battery industry has changed over time to create more efficient, less costly batteries than it ever has before; however, it is becoming fairly stagnant. With the competitors simply making them slightly more efficient than the leading brand and coming up with the next best advertising campaign, there is little more for each of the battery manufacturers to do with their product.The battery industry could be considered a â€Å"cash cow† – great profitability, large market share, but little growth. In order to stay on top, Duracell has to spend significant amounts of money on R&D to continue to keep up to speed on the relevant technology. 3. What were the impacts of Duracell’s introduction of Ultra on the nature of competition in the battery industry? When Duracell introduced Ultra in May 1998, it began a long cycle of the battery industry’s main competi tors introducing new, higher-powered, longer lasting batteries.Originally, these batteries were sold at a premium. Three months after the introduction of Ultra, Duracell was involved in several court battles, which were soon followed by Gillette’s announcement that it was restructuring the company and cutting jobs. After all the commotion around the battery industry, Consumer Reports told consumers that all batteries were standard, worked the same, and to buy the cheapest one. When Energizer and Rayovac introduced their new, updated batteries, they were sold at a price cut or at the same price as the standard battery.For all three main competitors, none of their baseline batteries were replaced, but rather simply updated and sold alongside the other on the shelf. Each introduction was accompanied by a pricey advertising campaign that was designed to win new customers and hopefully gain market share. 4. Why was Gillette unable to achieve the same success in batteries that it h ad been able to achieve in shaving products? Gillette is very good at using their knowledge and expertise in each of their segments to create related, diversified products to fit the needs of their consumers.They use what they already know, the resources and capabilities that they already have, to grow horizontally within each segment by creating a wider range of products and services for the consumer. For their personal grooming segment, they have expanded from simply razors to shaving cream and deodorants. They have been unable to find a way to do the same within their portable power segment, in which Duracell is the only company. In order to gain financially, they need to discover a way to expand the capabilities of Duracell. 5. If you were James Kilt, what strategic actions would you take?I would look for ways to expand the portable power segment, which includes Duracell. Perhaps using Duracell in all of Gillette’s electronic products, such as the electric-powered toothbr ushes, electronic razors, or coffee makers. Also, a possibility is to perhaps create an exporting agreement to electronic goods producers to use Duracell batteries in their products as they are sold. Another possibility is to spend money developing a battery that could be used in auto production, then creating a joint venture with an auto manufacturer.Gillette already has good global presence, so expanding more globally could help. 6. What do you learn from this case? I learned that just because a company is profitable at a specific point in time, like Duracell, does not mean it will be profitable forever, even if it is teamed up with a strong, financially enduring company, like Gillette. In order to continue outstanding financial performance, you must evaluate where the industry is going in the future and look for ways to diversify and expand before it hits a downturn.

Ethical Dimension of Private Corporations: Products and Danger and the Media Essay

Communication is the bedrock of any successful relationship. This doesn’t only apply to individuals as social beings but also groups both formal and informal. A breakdown in sound communication is often the source of many conflicts and at times crisis. Brad Fitch concurs with this in his book, the Media Relations Handbook of Public for Agencies, Associations, Nonprofits and Congress, when he states that communication is the conveying of message between two people. And that in public relations the message is conveyed through various vehicles, which are otherwise referred to as the public relations practitioner’s tools. These tools may vary from one organization to another but there are some basic tools that are common to most public relations shops. (23) In our contemporary world, the most reliable mode of conveying information is unarguably the media. This is because the media has diversified its mode of communication making itself accessible to audiences even in the most remote places. Above all, the media enjoys the trust of the public because it serves not only as the watch dog but also the mouth piece of the society. Alison Theaker also agrees with this fact when he alludes in his book, The Public Relations Handbook, which one of the reason public relations practitioners use media relations to get their message across is that the media plays crucial role in the forming public opinion. (Chapter 10) Subsequently, any media outlet worth its salt would utterly desist from engaging in any practice that would bring their dignity in question, and particularly so in the eyes of the public. One such practice is hinging their trust on a skewed public relation practice as the source of their news. It is thus prudent for any public relations practitioners of any organization to observe integrity in the course of their duty. This will boast the image of the organization in the perception of its various publics and more particularly the media. An organization has a lot to reap by presenting itself as a reliable source of news to the media. In any case, one of the most objective ways a media outlet can report on an organization is when they get the information through its public relations practitioners. Therefore how an organization uses the media to communicate to its other publics is of utmost importance. This not only determines the willingness of the media to cooperate but also how the targeted publics will respond. What then are the criteria an organization can employ to positively and effectively use or work with the media to reach out to its publics? Media Relations Defined The line delineating both media relation and public relations is not fine. Journalists often use the two terms interchangeably. But for starters, it is important to find out how the two terms marry and even differ. In Media Relations: Issues and Strategies, Jane Johnston argues that media relation is much more than just using the media to reach out to the targeted publics through writing press releases, and fielding media conferences. Indeed, the tenets of media relation consist of an insight on why we make communication choices and put them into practice. Therefore, a concrete theoretical underpinning is crucial for media relation, which in essence covers a broad spectrum of public relations. (28) However Johnston points out that before media relation can be theorized, it is important to get to the knowledge base of what consists of mass media itself and also what incorporate a deep understanding of the Fourth Estate, as it is often referred to and ultimately, the question of media ownership. (28) This is important in the sense that the ownership of a media outlet goes a long way to affects its objectivity or subjectivity on certain issues, especially political. In turn, this determines the audiences that will continue using that media channel as a source of news and information. And in cases a media outlet takes a radical, even controversial stand, it definitely scares away some of its audiences that don’t necessarily buy their opinion. A public relation practitioner using such a media outlet to convey its message should bear in mind that he/she is likely to miss reaching to the target audiences effectively as some, especially those contesting the media house stand may not be looking at it as a reliable source of news and information, leave alone using it. Sriramesh and Vercic agree with this in their book, The Global Public Relations Handbook: Theory, Research, and Practice. They claim that maintaining effective media relations demand that the public relations professionals understand the people who control the media outlet and whether such control does extend into editorial content. This is because some media houses operate free from the control of their people who own the outlets whereas others are only partly free. (13) Effective Application of Media Relations Every organization has communication needs by the virtue of having publics that it needs to communicate with. This could be during the launch of a certain new product or publicizing the details of an ensuing crisis. The media, though it is one of an organization’s public acts as a crucial bridge between an organization and its other publics. How well the media is used to reach out to the other publics by an organization goes a long way to determine the success of the public relations practice. For starters, the public relations department needs to come up with a campaign. This could either be to correct the image of the organization, which could be dwindling in the eyes of the public or it could be explain the features and advantages of the new product in the market. Alison Theaker points out in his book, Public Relations Handbook that to ensure the success of any such campaign, the first step that a public relations practitioner must take is to get their issue(s) into the media agenda. This is crucial because the media influence how people think. Therefore, if the public cannot buy the organization’s point of view, they will inevitably rely on the media’s point of view, even though it could be a garbled account. Often the media report inaccurately in cases where there is a crisis in an organization and there is limited news available from the public relations department. In the modern world, the ease with which varied points of views of a certain crisis reach people has increased considerably with the advancement of technology, the internet being the major source. However, most people still get most information through the media. Therefore, if the public relations practitioner of an organization is the main source of information on a subject, for instance, the launching of a new product or the fall out between the employees and the establishment, it is possible for them to shape the tone of debate about the product. The effort of getting commanding the media agenda is what Brad refers to as pitching a story. He points out that public relations practitioner of any organization has an agenda and wants the media houses to promote his/her messages. And if one wants to advance the goals of his/her organization then he/she must expend ample time by pitching story ideas to journalists. This demands preparations, the extent of which depends on the complexity of the story. The steps involved in pitching a story include: first narrowing the topic. Second is organizing and compiling the documents that may be needed to supplement the story: this could be previous reports, the organization’ in-house publications, information by the experts from a particular department in the organization. Then follows the development of talking points on the most news worthy aspects of the story; they need to be jotted down in advance and confirmed as valid arguments by the relevant experts in the organization. Then after determining the necessity of interviewing the management is when the news people can be called. Worth noting is that, it is imperative that the public relations practitioner succeed to get the attention of the media in order for him/her to get into their agenda. Apart from demonstrating themselves as credible sources of news, the public relations practitioners have to adequately prepare the message that they intend to bring to the public domain. The media is in business and wouldn’t work on any information that doesn’t fall within their criterion of news worthiness. The public relations practitioners should therefore not present to the media any message that is outside their definition of news. Such messages won’t be publicized by the media. The process of message development is one of the most difficult aspects of a public relations practitioner’s job because it demands savvy political skills, coordination among diverse interests within an organization and most importantly creativity. Developing a message and communication plan is the tangible beginning of the partnership between a public relation office and the media. 49) In order for an appropriate message to be created, the specific characteristics of the targeted public should be borne in mind, without forgetting their specific communication needs like language appropriateness and the media channel. The advantages of taking into consideration the above requirements before setting out to design a message cannot be overlooked. The failure to address them in a message means that a campaign will most definitely fail to achieve its goals. A message, according to Brad Fisch’s definition is a precise elaboration of an idea or a vision with the intent of bringing out a broad theme or to mobilize people to carry out a specific action. A good message, therefore, must be short and clear as this enables easy comprehension; it must also bear a value based image: this enhances its reception to the targeted audience. And ultimately it must connect with the targeted audience in a meaningful way. In a market place, Brad points out; a slogan sums up a product’s image. The message development does vary on the basis of the particular type of organization under which it is being crafted. The way a manufacturing company designs it message is not the way a communication company will design their. This is because the publics of the two organizations do vary, hence the particular channel and language to reach them effectively. There are two categories of messages which Brad outlines. This he defines as strategic and campaign messages. Strategic messages are broad in themes, they also bear ideas, which guide and shape all communication processes. Such messages are composed of general ideas. To add on that, they do not have a clearly measurable outcome and their goals may or may not fit into a limited time period. Strategic messages come in the form of company marketing or branding in a commercial set up; whereas, in a public affairs environment, the strategic message is tied to the overall, long-term mission of the organization. (Media Relations Handbook, 50) Campaign message on the other hand, consists of messages that predominantly intend to mobilize publics towards carrying out a certain activity. For instance, a telephone organization could be losing oodles of money through vandals who are stealing cables and booths. This heinous work is definitely interrupting the operations of the company and even affection its various publics. Using the media, the public relations office of the company can come up with a message soliciting help from the public to stop the vandalism. This message could consist of a passionate appeal to the public to forward any such vandals, with a promise of a reward and protection. The message could also outline the effects of vandalism to the public at large, one of which is the interruption of communication. In sum, a campaign message is a subset of a strategic message. This is due to the fact that its composition is made up of specific ideas. To add on that, it has a definite time limit or in other words, a particular practical result, which usually is a measurable outcome. A campaign message often results in legislations to curb a vice or legalize an idea. (51) Through the interactions between an organization and the media, the public relation facilitates a central part in presenting words and images to society which in turn shapes perceptions. Due to that, one fact that should be taken into account during the development of the message it is important that the public relations practitioner be in the know of how news is manufactured. He /she must be conversant with the qualities that add up to a news story: press men won’t get interested with a story that contains no news. These qualities include prominence, proximity, timeliness, impact, conflict, novelty, money and human interest. These news values frame an event and render it comprehensible to the public in terms of ideological system. They form the basis on which reporters use to select what makes news or not. ( Johnston, Media Relations, 29) After developing the message, the next stage is reaching out to the media which will in turn pass it over to the other publics. One way this is done is through press releases. Brad argues that press release is the fundamental tool in public relations. One of the benefits of press releases is that they form short, clear, historical records and policy positions, announcements and events of an organization. The sole goal of a press release is to convince journalists to do a story from its contents. Previously the main audience of press releases was the journalists. But technology, particularly the use of the website has nowadays expanded audiences of press release beyond journalists. In order to quickly get the attention of journalists the press release precisely proves that it’s worth their pursuit. In this case, the wording of the headline and the intro are of utmost importance. (25) The other ways through which the message can be sent out to the publics is through letters to the editor in newspapers and magazines, op-eds, advertorials or press conferences. In this discuss, we won’t focus on them for they in essence seem to play a peripheral role as the modes of communication in media relations. The successful development of the message is the threshold of successful communication. Nonetheless, far from creating a punchy message that is acceptable with the media and sending it out, it advantageous for the public relations practitioner to have an in-depth knowledge about the media industry itself. Contrary to what it seems, the news media isn’t only made up of one established conglomerate. It is rather made up of a range of different elements, and within them are many individual workers who work as independent thinkers. Thus, the news media should be considered in the context of individual news worker. This will enable a public relations practitioner to adequately developing and enhancing professional relationships with media practitioners. ( Johnston, Media Relations 42) Getting to know press men as individuals does create a fertile ground for the prosperity of media relations. For one, once a cordial relationship is established between the two, a public relation practitioner will not be trying to reach out to a stranger to get help communicate with the publics of his/her organization. Neither will he/she be having an opportunity to compromise the professionalism of his/her work or that of the press people. He/she will be enjoying an opportunity to be explained to the public through media ‘friends’ who are willing to relay his/her point of view about the product or crisis in question. Another way to enhance a robust media relation in an organization is by creating a clear cut structure of the public relations department. This will involve the job description of each and every personnel in the department. Besides erasing the duplication of duties, such an arrangement grants the onus of communicating to the media to only one person. This helps to improve consistency in the message that is reaching the publics through the media; this personnel is what Brad refers to a principal. He argues that in any public affairs-related operation there should a person who should be the leader and thus the spokes person of the organization. Much of the communication that an organization is responsible for creating will therefore have to flow through him/her. It is recommended that that principal be conversant with almost all the activities of the organization and even know the people in charge at all levels of the organization. (Brad, Media Relations Handbook, 5) Johnston posits that media relations are mostly considered not a complex issue as management; or as urgent an issue as crisis management; neither as personal as community relations nor as specialized as financial relations but rather a ‘soft’ part of public relations. However, since media relations plays a crucial in each of the areas of public relations , it is more useful to regard it as providing important access point and avenues for the industry as a whole. Subsequently, a strong working relationship with the media translates into smoother practices right across the spectrum of public relations activities and functions. The value of media relations can hardly be overlooked. The media have come to define themselves as a site where politics and public life are played out. Due to that any issue that is not validated by the media is considered less important, as not having any significance on the public agenda. The media, therefore, helps to position a person, issue, event or organization within the context of public life. Consequently, the value of media relations lies in tapping the media’s radar and ultimately the media’s agenda. (Jane Johnston, Media Relations: Issues and Strategies, 11)

Aplastic Anemia Essay Essays

Aplastic Anemia Essay Essays Aplastic Anemia Essay Essay Aplastic Anemia Essay Essay Aplasitc anaemia is a really rare blood upset. Sometimes. it is connected with leukaemia ; it could be a consequence from chemotherapy given to leukemia patients. In aplastic anaemia. the bone marrow does non do the necessary blood cells needed in the blood ; nevertheless. leukaemia is when the blood cells are deformed and non working decently. Leukemia is a malignant neoplastic disease where as aplastic anaemia is non. Chemotherapy intervention for malignant neoplastic disease can take to the secondary status of aplastic anaemia that may do decelerating down of bring forthing blood cells. What are the anatomical and physiological symptoms and causes for aplastic anaemia? What is the diagnosing and what interventions are available for aplastic anaemia? One symptom is fatigue from being anaemic. Anemia is when the ruddy blood cells are low in the blood. The ruddy blood cells carry the O from your lungs to all parts of the organic structure ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . This will do weariness when the organic structure does non acquire adequate O. There is a little more than merely low ruddy blood count in cells in aplastic anaemia. It is when the organic structure doesn’t produce all three different blood cells that the organic structure has: white blood cells. ruddy blood cells. and the thrombocytes termed pancytopenia ( Wikipedia ) . In aplastic anaemia. it is when the bone marrow stops bring forthing or slows down in bring forthing these new blood cells. The white 1s or leucocytes are to contend infections in the organic structure by assailing and killing bacteriums and viruses ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . so with out them patients easy catch viruses. A low white blood cell count is called neutropenia ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. . The other is the thrombocytes ; they are for blood coagulums. A low thrombocyte count is called thrombopenia ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . A low thrombocyte count leads to another symptom that would be uncontrolled hemorrhage because the organic structure does non hold the thrombocytes to halt the hemorrhage. You can besides do bruising and petechiae ( Wikipedia ) . Some of the other symptoms include shortness of breath. concern. lividness and. finally tachycardia and bosom failure ( Lippincott 508 ) . Bone tenderness should non be present ( Mc Phee 454 ) . The cause for aplastic anaemia develops when the bone marrow is damaged or in some instances is unknown. About 75 out of 100 instances of acquired aplastic anaemia are idiopathic ( Aplastic Anemia MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . This means they have no known cause. Sometimes. the instance can be from radiation and chemotherapy intervention used for malignant neoplastic disease. This can destruct the healthy cells in the bone marrow taking to the secondary status. Some other causes for secondary status of aplastic anaemia are toxic chemicals and certain drugs. such as the chemical benzine that is found in gasolene. or with the usage of certain drugs. including Chloromycetin [ gt ; 0 ] . carbamazepine [ gt ; 1 ] . felbamate [ gt ; 2 ] . phenytoin [ gt ; 3 ] . quinine [ gt ; 4 ] . and Butazolidin [ gt ; 5 ] ( Wikipedia ) . Chloramphenicol intervention is followed by aplasia in less than 1 in 40. 000 intervention classs. and carbamazepine aplasia is even more rare ( Wikipedia ) . The medicine for arthritic arthritis is connected to 1s acquiring aplastic anaemia ; this would be called besides a secondary status when aplastic anaemia appears. Similarly Lupus. an autoimmune upset. can assail the healthy root cells. This would do the decelerating down or fillet of doing the blood cells the organic structure needs. The remainder may ensue from immunologic factors ( unconfirmed ) . terrible disease ( particularly hepatitis ) . viral infection ( particularly kids ) . or preleukemic and neoplastic infiltration of bone marrow ( Lippincott 397 ) . Therefore. to corroborate a diagnosing for aplastic anaemia they foremost take a blood sample to see if the blood count is low. If that shows up low in all the blood cells. the following measure is to take a bone marrow sample or biopsy. The bone marrow is normally taken from the big hip bone by a acerate leaf. The sample is looked at in a microscope to govern out leukaemia. which the blood cells would look unnatural and would be the ground the blood cells are non working decently. However. aplastic anaemia would demo really small ruddy and white blood cells in the blood watercourse. Some options of intervention given to patients are medicines. bone marrow graft. and blood transfusion ( MayoClinic ) . Just late. they have stem cell grafts. The medicines are immunosuppressive combine with cyclosporine. Possibly one of the causes is the immune system is assailing its ain good blood cells. and these drugs will decelerate down the procedure. This medicine intervention is normally given until the patient can acquire a root cell graft. The other medicine can be used with the immunosuppressant is the growing factor. The new genetically engineered growing factor drugs help with doing new white blood cells. That is truly of import. since the organic structure makes a blood cell that merely last for awhile. so the organic structure is ever bring forthing new blood cells. However. aplastic anaemia patients organic structure for some ground stops this procedure. The other medical specialties used are antibiotics either to assist forestall infections or already established infection. since the immune system is weak and would non be unable to contend of a common cold. Most likely the physician will administrate them before an infection appears. so that the patient will non acquire an infection. Those are the medicines used and if the status doesn’t better. the patient would expect for a bone marrow graft. The bone marrow graft might hold been the first pick. which the medicine is administered until the patient can happen a lucifer giver. The bone marrow graft is normally a successful intervention to bring around aplastic anaemia in people under 55 old ages old ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . Bone marrow organ transplant from a related. matched giver can handle aplastic anaemia – without recurrence- in about four out of five instances ( MayoClinic ) . Up to half the people with matched. but unrelated. givers can anticipate to hold successful bone marrow grafts ( MayoClinic ) . There’s a opportunity that your organic structure may reject the graft. taking to dangerous complications ( MayoClinic ) . The bone marrow graft uses a matched blood type. When found. the giver will hold surgically removed some of his or her healthy bone marrow. It is so injected intravenously in the blood to the patient. The donated bone marrow will roll up to the patient’s bone marrow and aid with doing new blood cells ; it may take two to four hebdomads to demo the new blood cells are bring forthing. Before they even give the aplastic patient the donated marrow. they give them chemo to acquire rid of the morbid marrow. and will besides be administered drugs to assist forestall rejection of the bone marrow. Another safeguard a physician may restrict the figure of blood transfusions before the operation to avoid complications. Technology is progressing that they can utilize stem cells now alternatively of bone marrow graft. The new root cell graft is taken from the bone marrow. umbilical cord. or the blood watercourse of the giver. They merely acquire the root cell from either of those topographic points. and once more like the bone marrow graft. topographic point the root cell into the blood watercourse of the patient. The patient will be given chemo before the process as in the bone marrow graft. This clip the complication of the new root cells will make an immune system that attacks the organic structure of the giver. alternatively of the organic structure rejecting as in the bone marrow graft. If this does happen. they besides have drugs that will assist battle this. The intervention of blood transfusion is non normally used because it is a intervention for weariness. Fatigue is non a medical exigency. First. usage remainder to see if it alleviates the symptom. White blood cells merely last a twenty-four hours because that is how long they last in the organic structure. That is why the bone marrow is of import in doing the new cells the organic structure needs. The other complication that blood transfusions may do is shed blooding. For long term recovery. they normally need other intervention along with this process. Aplastic anaemia is a really rare disease and affects really few people. It is non contagious. It is more normally diagnosed in immature grownups and kids. It can impact any age group anytime in life and the unwellness might be brief. besides it can come on all of a sudden or easy. The symptoms vary depending on the blood cells that they are low in. The patient could hold a little instance that might merely be observed or to a terrible instance that needs intervention. A physician should be the one to do the diagnosings and interventions. Doctors estimate that there are about 900 new instances of aplastic anaemia diagnosed in the United States each twelvemonth ( Aplastic Anemia A ; MDS International Foundation. Inc. . Patients need to be excess careful non to acquire an infection because the organic structure holding low white blood cell count would hold a difficult clip battling against viruses. Stairss are besides taken to forestall bleeding: avoiding parenteral injections. proposing the usage of an electric razor. moisturizing O to forestall dry mucose membranes. and advancing regular intestine motion ( Venes 116 ) . Mortality for aplastic anaemias with terrible pancytopenia is 80 % to 90 % ( Lippincott 507 ) . In progressing engineering today. why non see to be a bone marrow giver that could salvage lives of others.

Faience - The Worlds First High Tech Ceramic

Faience - The Worlds First High Tech Ceramic The term faience comes from a kind of brightly-colored glazed earthenware developed during the Renaissance in France and Italy. The word is derived from Faenza, a town in Italy, where factories making the tin-glazed earthenware called majolica (also spelled maiolica) were prevalent. Majolica itself derived from North African Islamic tradition ceramics  and is thought to have developed, oddly enough, from the region of Mesopotamia in the 9th century AD. Faience-glazed tiles decorate many buildings of the middle ages, including those of the Islamic civilization, such as the Bibi Jawindi tomb in Pakistan, built in the 15th century AD, or the Timuid dynasty (1370-1526) Shah-i-Zinda necropolis in Uzbekistan, which you can see if you click on the hippo illustration. Ancient Faience Ancient or Egyptian faience, on the other hand, is a completely manufactured material created perhaps to imitate the bright colors and gloss of hard-to-get gems and precious stones. Called the first high-tech ceramic, faience is a siliceous vitrified and glost ceramic, made of a body of fine ground quartz or sand, coated with an alkaline-lime-silica glaze. It was used in jewelry throughout Egypt and the Near East beginning about 3500 BC. Forms of faience are found throughout the Bronze Age Mediterranean, and faience objects have been recovered from archaeological sites of the Indus, Mesopotamian, Minoan, and Egyptian civilizations. Scholars suggest  but are not completely united that faience was invented in Mesopotamia in the late 5th millennium BC and then imported to Egypt. Evidence for the 4th millennium BC production of faience has been found at the Mesopotamian sites of Hamoukar and Tell Brak. Faience objects have also been discovered at predynastic Badarian (5000-3900 BC) sites in Egypt. Matin (2014) has argued that mixing cattle dung (commonly used for fuel), copper scale resulting from copper smelting, and calcium carbonate creates a shiny blue glaze coating on objects  and may have resulted in the invention of faience and associated glazes during the Chalcolithic period.    Faience was an important trade item during the Bronze Age; the Uluburun shipwreck of 1300 BC had over 75,000 faience beads in its cargo. Faience continued as a production method throughout the Roman period into the first century BC. Ancient Faience Manufacturing Practices Types of objects formed out of ancient faience include amulets, beads, rings, scarabs, and even some bowls. Faience is considered one of the earliest forms of glass making. Recent investigations of Egyptian faience technology indicate that recipes changed over time and from place to place. Some of the changes involved using soda-rich plant ashes as flux additivesflux helps the materials fuse together at high-temperature heating. Basically, component materials in glass melt at different temperatures, and to get faience to hang together you need to moderate the melting points. However, Rehren has argued that the differences in glasses (including but not limited to faience) may have to do more with the specific mechanical processes used to create them, rather than varying specific admixture of plant products. The original colors of faience were created by adding copper (to get a turquoise color) or manganese (to get black). Around the beginning of glass production, about 1500 BC, additional colors were created including cobalt blue, manganese purple, and lead antimonate yellow. Glazing Faience Three different techniques for producing faiences glazes have been identified to date: application, efflorescence, and cementation. In the application method, the potter applies a thick slurry of water and glazing ingredients (glass, quartz, colorant, flux and lime) to an object, such as a tile or pot. The slurry can be poured or painted on the object, and it is recognized by the presence of brush marks, drips, and irregularities in thickness. The efflorescence method involves grinding quartz or sand crystals and mixing them with various levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and/or copper oxide. This mixture is formed into shapes such as beads or amulets, and then the shapes are exposed to heat. During heating, the formed shapes create their own glazes, essentially a thin hard layer of various bright colors, depending on the particular recipe. These objects are identified by stand marks where the pieces were placed during the drying process and variations in glaze thickness. The cementation method or Qom technique (named after the city in Iran where the method is still used), involves forming the object and burying it in a glazing mixture consisting of alkalis, copper compounds, calcium oxide or hydroxide, quartz, and charcoal. The object and glazing mixture are fired at ~1000 degrees Centigrade, and a glaze layer forms on the surface. After firing, the left-over mixture is crumbled away. This method leaves a uniform glass thickness, but it is only appropriate for small objects such as beads. Replication experiments reported in 2012 (Matin and Matin) reproduced the cementation method, and identified calcium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, and alkali chlorides are essential pieces of the Qom method. Sources Charrià ©-Duhaut A, Connan J, Rouquette N, Adam P, Barbotin C, de Rozià ¨res M-F, Tchapla A, and Albrecht P. 2007.  The canopic jars of Rameses II: real use revealed by molecular study of organic residues.  Journal of Archaeological Science  34:957-967. De Ferri L, Bersani D, Lorenzi A, Lottici PP, Vezzalini G, and Simon G. 2012.  Structural and vibrational characterization of  medieval like  glass samples.  Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids  358(4):814-819. Matin M. 2014.  An Experimental Investigation into the Accidental Invention of Ceramic Glazes.  Archaeometry  56(4):591-600. doi:10.1111/arcm.12039 Matin M, and Matin M. 2012.  Egyptian faience glazing by the cementation method part 1: an investigation of the glazing powder composition and glazing mechanism.  Journal of Archaeological Science  39(3):763-776. Olin JS, Blackman MJ, Mitchem JE, and Waselkov GA. 2002.  Compositional Analysis of Glazed Earthenwares from Eighteenth-Century Sites on the Northern Gulf Coast.  Historical Archaeology  36(1):79-96. Rehren T. 2008.  A review of factors affecting the composition of early Egyptian glasses and faience: alkali and alkali earth oxides.  Journal of Archaeological Science  35(5):1345-1354. Shortland A, Schachner L, Freestone I, and Tite M. 2006.  Natron as a flux in the early vitreous materials industry: sources, beginnings and reasons for decline.  Journal of Archaeological Science  33(4):521-530. Tite MS, Manti P, and Shortland AJ. 2007.  A technological study of ancient faience from Egypt.  Journal of Archaeological Science  34:1568-1583. Tite MS, Shortland A, Maniatis Y, Kavoussanaki D, and Harris SA. 2006.  The composition of the soda-rich and mixed alkali plant ashes used in the production of glass.  Journal of Archaeological Science  33:1284-1292. Walthall JA. 1991. Faience in French colonial Illinois.  Historical Archaeology  25(1):80-105. Waselkov GA, and Walthall JA. 2002. Faience Styles in French Colonial North America: A Revised Classification.  Historical Archaeology  36(1):62-78.

Immunopharmacolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Immunopharmacolgy - Essay Example The authors showed also that phosphoramidon significantly potentiates neuropeptide-induced airway microvascular leakage at proximal intrapulmonary airways, but not at any other airway level (ibid, p. 945). There are no available data about the combined action of posphoramidon and histamine and capscaicin. Nevertheless, some authors discuss the mechanisms of interaction between peptidergic and histaminergic stimuli in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (Crimi et al., 1995; O'Connor et al., 2004; Kirsch et al., 1992; Crimi et al., 1988). For example, the results of Intalian scientists (Crimi et al., 1995) provided evidence of phosphoramidon role in the mediation of Bradykinin-related responses but not in the mediation of histaminergic effects. Contrarily, capsaicin and phosphoramidon have synergistic effects on the bronchial tone (Sagara et al., 1993). To determine whether the epithelium influenced the effect of endogenously released and exogenously released substance P on smooth muscle function there is expediently to conduct two different experiments. The first one will test the action of exogenously released substance P and can be conducted in vivo with the administration of substance P via inhalation. The effects of endogenously released substance P could be tested in the in vitro study with isolated tracheal ring where some of them will be processed by the airway epithelium removal. Th The major effect of epithelium removal on the contractile response to substance P could be related to the loss of neutral endopeptidase and neuropeptide degradation. This hypothesis also is proved by the numerous experimental studies (Toews et al., 1997; Frossard et al., 1989 etc) References 1. Crimi et al. (1988) Effect of nedocromil on bronchospasm induced by inhalation of substance P in asthmatic subjects. Clin Allergy. 18(4) pp. 375-82 2. Crimi et al. (1995) Effect of an inhaled neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon, on baseline airway calibre and bronchial responsiveness to bradykinin in asthma. 4Thorax. 50(5):505-10. 3. Gallelli et al. (2003) Role of tachykinins in the bronchoconstriction induced by HCl intraesophageal instillation in the rabbit. Life Sci. 72(10) 1135-1142. 4. Kirsch et al. (1992) Mechanism of platelet activating factor-induced vascular leakage in the rat trachea. Exp Lung Res. 18(4) pp. 447-459. 5. 4Lotvall et al. (1991) Differential effects of phosphoramidon on neurokinin A- and substance P-induced airflow obstruction and airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol. 104(4):945-9. 6. Marini et al. (1996) Endothelin-1 induces increased fibronectin expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 220(3) 896-899. 7. 4O'Connor et al. (2004) The role of substance P in inflammatory disease. J Cell Physiol. 201(2):167-80. 8. 4Sagara et al. (1993) Effect of capsaicin on the migration of eosinophils into the bronchi of guinea pigs Arerugi. 42(3 Pt 1):236-42 9. 4Toews, Ustinova & Schultz (1997) Lysophosphatidic acid enhances contractility of isolated airway smooth muscle. J Appl Physiol. 1997 Oct;83(4):1216-22. 10. 4Zhan, Adner & Cardell (2004) Interleukin-1beta attenuates endothelin B receptor-mediated airway contractions in a murine in vitro model of asthma: roles of endothelin converting enzyme and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Clin Exp Allergy. 34(9) pp.

Use Of Force Managemnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Use Of Force Managemnt - Essay Example The U.S. Department of Justice, through its Community Oriented Policing Services, indicated that the use of force was a natural reaction in response to cases requiring apprehension of suspected criminals to protect one lives and that of others. Likewise, it was indicated in a published report by COPS that there was actually no clear and concise definition of the use of force but the accepted meaning was sourced from â€Å"the  International Association of Chiefs of Police  (IACP) in its study,  Police Use of Force in America 2001, defined use of force as "The amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject.†" (U.S. DOJ: COPS, 2010). In this regard, the research aims to proffer issues on the use of force, specifically focusing on police brutality by identifying the problem, accountability, enhanced police accountability, accreditation and risk management, among others. A recommendation from the issues discussed would be presented prior to concluding remarks. Due to the critical position, tasks and responsibilities accorded to private security officers, there have been several documented instances of abuse of their authority. As such â€Å"most of these crimes fall into five broad areas: excessive force, sexual assaults, false arrest and fabrication of evidence, deprivation of property, and failure to keep from harm.† (FBI: Color of Law Abuses, 2010, par. 4). When the use of force becomes excessive and unreasonable, police brutality ensues, thereby posing dangers to the victims in terms of violations of human rights and even the possibility of grave injuries and death. According to David Mangan in his written article entitled Police Brutality: The Use of Excessive Force published as a Drury University paper, the use of excessive force tantamount to manifesting a form of police brutality is actually a criminal act constituting

How government policy decision influenced Financial Management Essay

How government policy decision influenced Financial Management - Essay Example Policy Decisions and Influence on Financial Management There are many policy decisions factors that influence financial management. These include taxes, wars and financial influences, political changes and the stock markets, investments and accumulation goals. Taxes Taxes are the most popular and strongest influence given that it deals with use of money. Taxes are a way of generating revenue for the government (Hu, Li, Liu, Baolei, & Gaoling, 2012). Where the government or an organization overtaxes it’s people then enough money is available but citizens living below the poverty line in such a country may be highly impoverished due to heavy taxation .So for a government to manage its finance properly, then it must follow the laid down rules and regulations so that there can be a balanced change in the budget when taxes are increased (Choi, Kim, Sami, & McKenzie, 2012). Wars Political changes in a government structure may trigger wars such as post-election violence as witnessed in some countries. This will definitely affect the stock market of such a country and the spending behavior of its citizens and this affects businesses some of which come to stand still. This wave of political change affects financial management .If a country, company or an organization is involved in a trade with another such wars may affect financial management (Sara, 2011). Political Changes and the Stock Market Political parties in a country contribute immensely towards the economy of a country based on different concepts and perceptions of each .Some political parties can improve stock markets while they are in power while some may create a collapse to the economy. This affects businesses and financial management because shares are sold on the stock market and organizations and businesses use this money to improve their business. When there is less money there is less improvement and financial deficit is likely to be experienced. Concerning stock market, if a country is in rece ssion purchase of goods and services becomes less. Where less goods and services are purchased, then there will be less money in the business. With less money the financial manager will have to device new ways to produce their own goods, process them and market their own goods and services to generate income. Imposition of Bans At times a government may place bans on sales of goods which promote the economy of a country .Placement of such bans may result to decreased income which may cause instability in economy and consequently affect financial management. Positive Effect of the Policy The intended or positive effects of a government policy vary widely based on the type of an organization or company and the context in which they are made up. Due to this, policies should be carefully enacted to ensure their effectiveness. One of the positive benefits of these policies on government financial management include corporate purchasing policies which projects that all purchases above a c ertain value should be standardized by way of purchasing process (Brigham & Houston, 2011). This way, a country’s government can employ a standard purchasing through policy which enables a government or an organization to limit wastage and normalize purchasing. Other positive benefits include

Benefits of Essential Oils

Benefits of Essential Oils Whenever possible, I prefer to deal with the various ailments and injuries I encounter by using essential oils rather than synthetic treatments or remedies. Essential oils are not only very effective at treating sickness and injury, but also provide the peace of mind that can only come with using an all-natural remedy. Natural substances like essential oils are easily metabolized by the body. In fact, your body knows exactly how to deal with them and thrives on them. Unlike synthetic drugs, after an essential oil performs its natural healing function, it travels on to the liver and kidney and moves easily and gently out of the body, without attaching itself to various tissues. Which essential oils have the maximum healing effect? Obviously, the essential oil that you choose will depend on the condition you seek to treat. As you experiment with various oils and application methodologies, pay attention to which of these satisfy your unique, personal needs and tastes. Here are some of the essential oils that are known to have maximum healing effects. Lavender Lavender is the one of the most known essential oils. It is used to cut down the healing time for cuts, bites and stings. The nice thing about lavender is that is does not require a carrier, it can be applied straight to the affected area. Peppermint Not only will peppermint cool you off during a fever, but it will also fight nausea and tummy trouble, whether it is morning or motion sickness. You can also pair peppermint and lavender oil up and apply it to your temples; doing so will lessen the intensity of headaches and migraines. Another use for peppermint oil is to help combat insect invasions. Doing this is simple; just add a few drops of peppermint oil to hot water and wipe any surfaces with a peppermint-infused clothe. Peppermint oil is also used to treat indigestion, respiratory problems, bowel spasms and pain, asthma, intestinal gas and more. Eucalyptus Another popular essential oil is eucalyptus. It is the most powerful antibacterial, antiviral and antispasmodic. To use it for this effect, all you have to do is add a few drops to a basin of steaming water to inhale, or add a few drops to a vaporizer. This can help disinfect and clear both your nasal passages and lungs. You can also add a few drops to a cloth, or a bandana, and inhale the oil throughout the day; doing this during cold season will also help prevent a cold. Tea tree Just like eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil is also a powerful antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiseptic. Using tea tree oil is very simple, all you have to do is add a few drops with a carrier oil and apply it directly to the affected area. This can help treat scrapes, cuts, infections, insect bites, warts and even flaky scalp or dry skin. Also, if you have acne, you can mix tea tree oil with coconut oil or aloe vera gel as an effective acne treatment. This great oil also helps loosen chest congestion. To do so, just add a few drops to a vaporizer. Another cold-like symptom that can be treated with tea tree oil is a sore throat, just put a few drops of the oil on your tongue every hour or so and the symptoms should disappear. You can also add a few drops to warm water and gargle with it. Another great use for this oil is removal of plantar warts. To get rid of these warts, put the oil right on the wart and massage it in and when it is dry, put socks on. The best way to do this is before bed- apply it, let it dry, and put socks on for fifteen to twenty minutes, but do not wear the socks to bed. Roman chamomile This essential oil is not only good for it’s scent, but it is also a very powerful anti-inflammatory. If you are experiencing red, sensitive or inflamed, acne-prone skin, this oil can help you out. It is a lot kinder than tea tree oil, so it is ideal for those with sensitive, delicate skin. Also, a few drops of roman chamomile can be added to an antibacterial carrier oil, such as coconut oil, to help treat and soothe diaper rash and eczema. Lemon Lemon essential oil is a powerful bactericide and treats minor cuts and wounds. It is also known to brighten dull skin, help immunity and is even used in antibacterial cleansers. Lemon oil is also known for its ability to clear toxins from the body. Frankincense Next up is the â€Å"king† of all oils, frankincense. You can also combine this oil with other oils to get better results and a more effective healing. Frankincense has even been known for its ability to kill cancer cells. More simply, it is used for skin inflammation, rashes, and brings about focus and clarity. Sesame Another essential oil is sesame oil. This oil is best known for its moisturizing qualities. Sesame oil contains fatty acids, which are believed to reduce stress and blood pressure. This essential oil has even shown to assist in slowing the growth of cancer in cells as long as your diet is rich in vegetables. Rose This oil can work to improve the hormonal balance and can treat problems like PMS and menopause. This oil is also known for counteracting bedroom problems and improving the health in your skin. Geranium Geranium essential oil is known for it’s astringent properties. Apart from refreshing the skin, this oil features styptic effects, which calm inflammation and stop hemorrhaging. This oil can also be used for treating acne, managing oily skin, boosting blood circulation, and reducing bloating. Other than this, this oil is helpful in reducing scars, blemishes, wrinkles and fine lines. Pine Pine oil has antiseptic, antibacterial, and analgesic properties. Pine oil is also known to treat skin problems, such as psoriasis, eczema and pimples. You can also use pine essential oil to speed up your metabolism, aid in food poisoning, ease joint pain and arthritis, kill germs, as well as battle respiratory problems that come with cold season. Clove Clove oil also has powerful healing properties, making it useful for use as an antiseptic. This oil needs a carrier oil for its functioning, so just dilute a few drops of this essential oil in your choice of carrier and you can treat bug bites, cuts, and scrapes. Apart from this, this oil can help clear earaches, digestion problems, nasal congestion, stomachaches, and headaches. As an additional bonus, it’s an aphrodisiac. This means that it has stress-relieving properties. Rosemary Another great essential oil is rosemary oil. According to scientific studies, rosemary essential oil has been shown to help in keeping the brain optimally functional. The act of simply smelling rosemary essential oil helps in memory recall. Essential oils and their usefulness in several common health conditions Below mentioned are some of the common ailments and the essential oils you can use for relief: Hangover Pine, Grapefruit, Juniper and Cypress Rosemary essential oils Heartburn Chamomile (German), Marjoram, Peppermint essential oils Indigestion Ginger, Coriander, Cardamom and Lemon Peppermint essential oils Insect repellent Citronella, Lavender, Cedarwood, Eucalyptus and Peppermint Sandalwood essential oils Anti-Coagulant Geranium essential oil Anti-Venomous Basil, Thyme essential oils Aphrodisiac Aniseed, Angelica, Black Pepper, Basil, Clary Sage, Cinnamon, Clove, Jasmine, Pimento, Ginger, Nutmeg, Rosewood, Thyme, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang and Vetivert essential oils. Expectorant Coriander, Flatulence, Thyme, Sandalwood, Peppermint, Pine, Parsley, Myrrh, Hyssop, Garlic, Cedarwood, Cajuput, Bergamot, Basil and Angelica essential oils. Hypertension Camphor, Rosemary, Hyssop and Thyme essential oils Hay Fever Lavender, Eucalyptus, Chamomile and Melissa essential oils Rheumatism Cedarwood, Black Pepper, Chamomile, Coriander, Cloves, Frankincense, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Ginger, Lemon, Rosemary and Pine essential oils Tonsillitis Lavender and Tea Tree essential oils Toothache Chamomile (Roman), Clove and Peppermint essential oils Influenza Ravensara, Melissa, Thyme, Oregano, Frankincense, Cinnamon, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, Tea Tree, Lavender, Sage, Lemon, and Rosemary essential oils How to use essential oils for best possible healing Here are some of the best ways you can use essential oils for maximum healing effect: Use in a diffuser Place about 10 drops of essential oil in a diffuser. Follow the guidelines of the manufacturer and inhale accordingly. Essential oils must not be directly burned. Inhale the steam Add 2 to 5 drops of essential oil into a bowl of steaming water. Place a towel over your head covering the bowl water and breathe deeply. It is essential to keep the eyes closed during this process. This technique is not really suggested for children younger than 7 years of age. Children more than 7 years of age can use swimming goggles to guard their eyes. Dry Evaporation Place 5 drops of essential oil over a cotton ball or tissue allowing the oil to evaporate into the air. To get a more intense dose, sniff the cotton ball. Otherwise, just keep the cotton ball at a distance of few feet from your face. Use in a spray Add five to ten drops of essential oil to water in a tiny spray bottle, shake, and then spray into the air and inhale. Massage While using essential oils topically, it is important to note that essential oils should not be applied to the skin in undiluted forms. When diluted, the concentration should not be higher than 3 to 5 percent. To put it differently, if you use 3 drops of essential oil, you must dilute it with one teaspoon of carrier oil. To be on the safer side, start with a 1% solution, or 1 drop of essential oil per teaspoon of carrier oil. The exceptions: lavender, sandalwood, ylang ylang and myrrh and tea tree oils usually do not require dilution. Add essential oil to your favorite carrier oil with 3% concentration (at most 3 drops per teaspoon of carrier oil) and apply to your skin gently. You can massage your entire body or only the area affected. Spot Application Mix 1 to 3 drops of essential oil in 1 teaspoon of carrier oil or natural aloe vera and apply to the spot that needs attention. Compress Fill a basin with water. Add 3 to 5 drops of essential oil in the water and stir briskly. Soak a washcloth in water, wring, and apply to the affected area. Do this at least three more times. Leave the last compress in place for five minutes. Bath Add 20 to 40 drops of essential oil to bath water. Also, add a few tablespoons of milk or cream to serve as a dispersant. For the reason that bath allows the oil to be easily absorbed in the skin, this is among one of my personal favorite methods. Gargle Add one drop of essential oil per ounce of water. Mix, then gargle and swish out the solution. Do not swallow. Few essential oil blends to get you started When working with blends and carrier oils, never use more than a total of 10% of essential oils in your blend. This is the essential oils to carrier oil ratio used in most commercial consumer blends. Now let’s take a look at some of my favorite blends! Muscle and Joint Blend Topical 4 drops Thyme 4 drops Black Pepper 4 drops Peppermint 4 drops Rosemary 10 drops Basil Relaxation Blend – Topical or Inhalation 4 drops Marjoram 4 drops Chamomile (German) 4 drops Clary Sage 12 drops Lavender Circulation Blend – Topical or Inhalation 4 drops Juniper berry 4 drops Frankincense 4 drops Ginger 4 drops Cypress 4 drops Black Pepper 4 drops Geranium Vein and Artery Blend – Topical or Inhalation 4 drops Myrrh 4 drops Lemon 4 drops Sandalwood 4 drops Neroli 4 drops Geranium 4 drops Cypress Sunburn Blend Topical 4 drops Chamomile 4 drops Tea Tree 4 drops Peppermint 12 drops Lavender Minor Cuts and Scrapes Blend Topical 10 drops Tea Tree 10 drops Lavender Menstrual Cramps Blend Internal 7 drops Lavender 7 drops Rosemary 7 drops Melissa Congestion Blend Inhalation 4 drops Peppermint 4 drops Ravensara 15 drops Eucaplyptus Antibacterial Blend Topical 4 drops Rosemary 4 drops Cinnamon 4 drops Basil 12 drops Tea Tree Antimicrobial Blend Topical 4 drops Cinnamon 4 drops Thyme 4 drops Lemongrass 12 drops Rosemary Antiseptic Blend Topical 10 drops Rosemary 10 drops Lavender Antiviral Blend Topical 4 drops Clove 4 drops Thyme 12 drops Peppermint 12 drops Sandalwood Headache Blend – Inhalation or Internal 7 drops Marjoram 7 drops Basil 7 drops Peppermint Immunity Blend Internal 14 drops Lemon 7 drops Thyme Arthritis Blend – Topical or Inhalation 7 drops Juniper 7 drops Eucalyptus 7 drops Basil 7 drops Cypress 14 drops Chamomile Burns Blend Topical 4 drops Tea Tree 4 drops Lavender 4 drops Geranium 12 drops Chamomile Colds and Flu Blend – Internal or Inhalation 4 drops Tea Tree 4 drops Rosemary 4 drops Peppermint 4 drops Lavender 12 drops Cinnamon Essential oils for specific diseases Essential oils that can help in the treatment of cancer Grapefruit essential oil Grapefruit oil is packed with Ascorbic Acid, which is ideal for detoxifying our bodies, and is therefore valuable for the improving the defense mechanisms of the body. You can use this oil internally. Thyme essential oil Thyme oil is really a powerful defense mechanism booster and may help fight problems like cancer. As a urinary antiseptic, it is also good for cystitis and urethritis. You can use this oil internally. Some essential oils that stimulate white blood cell production: Pine, lemon, lavender, sandalwood, chamomile, Bergamot and myrrh tea tree, and thyme essential oils can help stimulate the white blood cell production in body. Essential oils for broken bones Topically apply Cypress, Helichrysum (most significant for broken bones), and White Fir over the injured area two to three times per day. If you have ligament or tendon damage, add Lemongrass. When there is muscle damage, add Marjoram. Essential oils for broken tendons Wintergreen essential oil While Wintergreen is not a very popular oil, it is incredibly good at treating broken tendons and pain cramps. You can use this oil topically or inhale for maximum benefit. Vetiver essential oil This oil is well known for its healing effects on muscles and tendons. Use this oil topically, internally, or by inhalation. Essential oils for cold sores Roman chamomile essential oil This oil can be a powerful anti-inflammatory, so it will be the best option for cold sores. This oil is also a good bactericide that can kill the bacteria responsible for causing cold sores. Frankincense essential oil Used heavily in biblical times, this oil operates at deeper levels of the skin to deliver maximum healing. Frankincense has proven to help combat skin inflammation, rashes and cold sores. You can use this oil topically. Cypress essential oil Cypress oil is anti-antiseptic and anti-inflammatory, so that it is a powerful tool to address cold sores. Use this oil topically. Helichrysum essential oil This oil is highly anti-inflammatory and calming. This oil is regenerative and its pain reducing properties and analgesic effects make it a powerful solution for cold sores. You can use this oil topically. Essential oils for lung healing Ravintsara, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, Birch and Lemon are known to give strength to the lungs. Any blend carrying these oils can fight respiratory infections and alleviate symptoms of diseases related to the lungs. Essential oils for acne and scars Lavender essential oil Lavender oil has antibacterial and antiviral properties, which could reduce the healing time for acne and other skin conditions. It doesn’t need a carrier oil. You can apply it directly on the impacted area. Obviously, topical use can get you the best results in this case. Tea tree oil Tea tree oil is powerful antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial oil. Only a few drops blended with carrier oil is all you need to disinfect the acne on your body. Manuka essential oil This oil is perfect for treating skin conditions like acne due to its antifungal qualities. It promotes faster healing of the skin. Conclusion I hope that you find whatever relief you seek in your healing journey with the incredible power of essential oils. Remember that essential oils are like water. You don’t drink just once and then never again. Instead, healing with essential oils is an ongoing process to nourish and replenish your body and soul with these astonishing elixirs. Best of luck and happy healing!